{"id":261,"date":"2015-04-07T08:04:31","date_gmt":"2015-04-07T07:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.siegl.cz\/blog\/?p=261"},"modified":"2021-08-27T14:24:09","modified_gmt":"2021-08-27T13:24:09","slug":"seznamte-se-s-jadernym-odpadem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.siegl.cz\/blog\/odpady\/seznamte-se-s-jadernym-odpadem","title":{"rendered":"Seznamte se s jadern\u00fdm odpadem"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edstavte si jedno slepi\u010d\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dko. P\u0159esn\u011b tolik jadern\u00e9ho odpadu na jednoho obyvatele ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vznikne. Zjist\u011bte, co se pod pojmem jadern\u00fd odpad skr\u00fdv\u00e1 a jak je likvidov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kde se jadern\u00fd odpad bere<\/h2>\n

Ro\u010dn\u011b vyprodukuje \u010cesk\u00e1 republika celkem 450 tun jadern\u00e9ho odpadu. Oproti za\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b se nejedn\u00e1 pouze o odpad z\u00a0jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, ale tak\u00e9 o odpady, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslu nebo p\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu. Odpad vznikl\u00fd vyho\u0159en\u00edm paliva v\u00a0jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch p\u0159edstavuje ve skute\u010dnosti asi jen 100 tun z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed jadern\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u011blen\u00ed jadern\u00e9ho odpadu<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. N\u00edzkoaktivn\u00ed jadern\u00fd odpad<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed zbytky z\u00a0radioaktivn\u00edch provoz\u016f. \u0158ad\u00edme sem n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed a ochrann\u00e9 od\u011bvy nebo obaly, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161ly do kontaktu s\u00a0radioaktivn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem, ale maj\u00ed relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fd polo\u010das rozpadu \u2013 zhruba 30 let.<\/li>\n
  2. Za st\u0159edn\u011b aktivn\u00ed jadern\u00fd odpad<\/strong> ozna\u010dujeme p\u0159edm\u011bty pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b jadern\u00e9ho paliva. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad moder\u00e1tory (typicky voda), kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed ke zpomalen\u00ed neutron\u016f b\u011bhem \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9 reakce, nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na \u00fapravu vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho paliva.<\/li>\n
  3. Vysoce aktivn\u00ed jadern\u00fd odpad<\/strong> p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed samotn\u00e9 vyho\u0159el\u00e9 palivov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky z\u00a0jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, jejich\u017e polo\u010das rozpadu dosahuje a\u017e tis\u00edce let.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00dalo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jadern\u00e9ho odpadu<\/h2>\n

    Postup p\u0159i likvidaci odpadu upravuje p\u0159\u00edmo tzv. atomov\u00fd z\u00e1kon<\/strong>, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00ed jadern\u00e9ho odpadu s\u00a0ohledem na jeho nebezpe\u010dnost ve vztahu k\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed obyvatel. Proto\u017ee se ve\u0161ker\u00fd jadern\u00fd odpad ukl\u00e1d\u00e1, je pot\u0159eba p\u0159ed ulo\u017een\u00edm zredukovat jeho objem.<\/p>\n

    N\u00edzkoaktivn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u011b aktivn\u00ed odpad se lisuje a n\u00e1sledn\u011b ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do ocelov\u00fdch nebo betonov\u00fdch kontejner\u016f. Tyto kontejnery jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1ny ve skladech nebo vodn\u00edch baz\u00e9nech. Pro vysoce aktivn\u00ed odpad se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontejnery s\u00a0dlouhodobou \u017eivotnost\u00ed, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0hlubinn\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch 500 metr\u016f pod zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    P\u0159edstavte si jedno slepi\u010d\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dko. P\u0159esn\u011b tolik jadern\u00e9ho odpadu na jednoho obyvatele ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vznikne. Zjist\u011bte, co se pod…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[89,85,86,87,88],"class_list":["post-261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odpady","tag-atomovy-zakon","tag-jaderny-odpad","tag-nizkoaktivni-jaderny-odpad","tag-stredne-aktivni-jaderny-odpad","tag-vysoce-aktivni-jaderny-odpad"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSeznamte se s jadern\u00fdm odpadem - SIEGL s.r.o. blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.siegl.cz\/blog\/odpady\/seznamte-se-s-jadernym-odpadem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Seznamte se s jadern\u00fdm odpadem - SIEGL s.r.o. blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159edstavte si jedno slepi\u010d\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dko. 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