{"id":536,"date":"2016-07-12T10:00:07","date_gmt":"2016-07-12T09:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.siegl.cz\/blog\/?p=536"},"modified":"2016-07-13T13:46:14","modified_gmt":"2016-07-13T12:46:14","slug":"vyhrevnost-odpadu-co-to-vlastne-je","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.siegl.cz\/blog\/odpady\/vyhrevnost-odpadu-co-to-vlastne-je","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu: Co to vlastn\u011b je?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odpad je cenn\u00e1 surovina. Na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch kon\u010d\u00ed st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed objem odpadu s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak se rozv\u00edj\u00ed spalovny. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd komun\u00e1ln\u00ed odpad je zu\u017eitkov\u00e1v\u00e1n v\u00a0klasick\u00fdch spalovn\u00e1ch, zat\u00edmco bioodpad slou\u017e\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny a plynu v\u00a0bioplynov\u00fdch stanic\u00edch. Vyplat\u00ed se to? Jak\u00e1 je v\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu a co to vlastn\u011b je?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sm\u011bsn\u00fd komun\u00e1ln\u00ed odpad<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice asi 60 procent ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho odpadu<\/strong>. Proto\u017ee u\u017e ho nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00e1le t\u0159\u00eddit a recyklovat, b\u00fdv\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n ve spalovn\u00e1ch, kde z\u00a0n\u011bho lze vyrobit elektrickou energii nebo teplo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Co je to v\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu?<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdh\u0159evnost sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu<\/strong> z\u00e1vis\u00ed na cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b parametr\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jeho slo\u017een\u00ed. Obecn\u011b se\u00a0v\u00fdh\u0159evnost sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho odpadu pohybuje kolem 7 a\u017e 15 MJ\/kg<\/strong>. Jen pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad palivov\u00e9 d\u0159evo m\u00e1 v\u00fdh\u0159evnost asi 15 MJ\/kg, zat\u00edmco hn\u011bd\u00e9 uhl\u00ed asi 17 MJ\/kg.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu <\/strong>vlastn\u011b ukazuje, jak moc je jeho spalov\u00e1n\u00ed efektivn\u00ed. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 porovn\u00e1n\u00ed nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0konven\u010dn\u00edmi palivy<\/strong> na tom komun\u00e1ln\u00ed odpad nen\u00ed zase tak z\u00e1vratn\u011b. Na druhou stranu, pokud by nebyl sp\u00e1len, skon\u010dil by bez dal\u0161\u00edho \u00fa\u010delu na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu<\/h2>\n

S\u00a0novelou z\u00e1kona o odpadech<\/strong> se v\u00a0odborn\u00fdch kruz\u00edch diskutuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pojem, a t\u00edm je pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu<\/strong>. Touto problematikou se zab\u00fdvalo i \u010cVUT, kter\u00e9 k\u00a0v\u00fdh\u0159evnosti odpadu vydalo odborn\u00fd posudek. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0univerzity nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b snadn\u00e9 definovat funk\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu a jeho v\u00fdh\u0159evnost.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1ty Evropsk\u00e9 unie p\u0159itom aktu\u00e1ln\u011b hledaj\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdh\u0159evnost komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu<\/strong>. Hodnoty se li\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0legislativ\u011b Finska a N\u011bmecka je v\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu ud\u00e1v\u00e1na od 6 MJ\/kg, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b It\u00e1lie je to 13 MJ\/kg. Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, legislativa pracuje s\u00a0hodnotou 8 MJ\/kg<\/strong>, nicm\u00e9n\u011b ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed s\u00a0ohledem na p\u0159ipom\u00ednky n\u011bkter\u00fdch subjekt\u016f uva\u017euje o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to hodnoty o 50 procent<\/strong>, tedy na 4 MJ\/kg.<\/p>\n

Co ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu<\/h2>\n

Rozd\u00edly ve v\u00fdh\u0159evnosti<\/strong> jsou ponejv\u00edce zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00edm odpadu. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na chemick\u00e9 skladb\u011b i na obsahu vody<\/strong>. Zd\u00e1 se p\u0159itom, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 legislativa na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie je\u0161t\u011b zp\u0159\u00edsn\u00ed, proto\u017ee ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed navrhuje pro v\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu v\u00a0su\u0161in\u011b<\/strong> (tedy u\u017e bez vody) hodnotu 6,5 MJ\/kg<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Odpad je cenn\u00e1 surovina. Na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch kon\u010d\u00ed st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed objem odpadu s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak se rozv\u00edj\u00ed spalovny. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd komun\u00e1ln\u00ed odpad je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[13,49,48,195],"class_list":["post-536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odpady","tag-bioodpad","tag-komunalni-odpad","tag-smesny-odpad","tag-vyhrevnost-odpadu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nV\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu: Co to vlastn\u011b je? - SIEGL s.r.o. blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.siegl.cz\/blog\/odpady\/vyhrevnost-odpadu-co-to-vlastne-je\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u00fdh\u0159evnost odpadu: Co to vlastn\u011b je? - SIEGL s.r.o. blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Odpad je cenn\u00e1 surovina. 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